Searching, or pattern matching, is a foundational Vim skill that everyone must master. A simple tap of / followed by a string to match or regular expression is all it takes. By default, these patterns are case sensitive. Searching for FooBar will not match references to foobar. There are two options to improve this behavior that I’d recommend to everyone:
set ignorecase- Makes pattern matching case-insensitiveset smartcase- Overridesignorecaseif your pattern contains mixed case
With this powerful combination of options, you get the best of both worlds: Using lowercase in your pattern will automatically match any case. But using one or more uppercase characters in your pattern will restrict matches to exact, case-sensitive matches.
Here’s a gif where I demonstrate these two options in practice. I first enable them from Vim command mode. (Consider add those to your .vimrc if you like them.) Then I search for colin in lower case. You can see it matches every reference, including the mixed-cased Colin. That is thanks to ignorecase. Next, I search for Colin. Because I’ve enabled smartcase, Vim knows I want a case-sensitive search and finds only the exact match. Try it out!
Also check out these two previous search-related posts:
Stay in Search Mode makes modifying and improving your pattern easier.
Search Project for Current Word is a fast way to do whole-project searches.
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You can also use `\C` in your search pattern to force case-sensitive matching. With `smartcase` set, using `\C` with an all-lowercase pattern will let you search for only the lowercase version.